M'makampani opanga mapepala, kusankha kwa zinthu zopangira ndikofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wazinthu, mtengo wopangira komanso kukhudza chilengedwe. Makampani opanga mapepala ali ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kuphatikiza zamkati zamatabwa, zamkati zansungwi, zamkati za udzu, zamkati za hemp, zamkati za thonje ndi zamkati zamapepala.
1. Zamkati zamatabwa
Mitengo ya nkhuni ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala, ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulugamu) kudzera mu njira zamakina kapena zamakina. Wood zamkati molingana ndi njira zake zosiyanasiyana pulping, angathenso kugawidwa mu zamkati mankhwala (monga sulphate zamkati, sulphite zamkati) ndi makina zamkati (monga akupera miyala akupera nkhuni zamkati, otentha akupera makina zamkati). Wood zamkati pepala ali ndi ubwino wa mphamvu mkulu, kulimba bwino, amphamvu inki mayamwidwe, etc. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabuku, nyuzipepala, ma CD mapepala ndi mapepala apadera.
2. Msungwi zamkati
Zamkati za nsungwi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku nsungwi monga zopangira zamkati zamapepala. Bamboo ali ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, mphamvu yotsitsimutsa, ndi zipangizo zotetezera zachilengedwe zopangira mapepala. Mapepala a nsungwi ali ndi kuyera kwakukulu, mpweya wabwino, kuuma kwabwino ndi makhalidwe ena, oyenera kupanga mapepala a chikhalidwe, mapepala okhala ndi mbali ya pepala loyikapo. Ndi kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, kufunikira kwa msika wa mapepala a bamboo kukukula.
3. Grass zamkati Grass zamkati amapangidwa kuchokera zosiyanasiyana herbaceous zomera (monga mabango, wheatgrass, bagasse, etc.) monga zipangizo. Zomerazi zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri komanso zotsika mtengo, koma njira ya pulping ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo imayenera kuthana ndi zovuta za ulusi waufupi komanso zonyansa zambiri. Grass zamkati pepala makamaka ntchito kupanga otsika kalasi ma CD mapepala, chimbudzi pepala ndi zina zotero.
4. hemp zamkati
Zipatso za hemp zimapangidwa ndi fulakesi, jute ndi mbewu zina za hemp ngati zida zopangira zamkati. Ulusi wazomera wa hemp wautali, wolimba, wopangidwa ndi pepala la hemp lokhala bwino komanso lolimba, makamaka loyenera kupanga mapepala apamwamba kwambiri, mapepala a banknote ndi mapepala apadera amakampani.
5. Zamkati za thonje
Zamkati za thonje zimapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje monga zopangira zamkati. Ulusi wa thonje ndi wautali, wofewa komanso wotsekemera wa inki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapepala a thonje apangidwe kwambiri ndi kulemba ntchito, choncho nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala apamwamba a calligraphy ndi kujambula, mapepala a zojambulajambula ndi mapepala ena apadera.
6. Zinyalala Zamkati
Zinyalala zamkati, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso, pambuyo pa deinking, kuyeretsa ndi njira zina zochizira. Kubwezeretsanso zinyalala zamkati sikungopulumutsa zachilengedwe, komanso kumachepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala, yomwe ndi njira yofunikira yopezera chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani opanga mapepala. Zinyalala zamkati zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu yambiri yamapepala, kuphatikiza bokosi lamalata, bolodi imvi, bolodi yotuwa pansi, bolodi loyera pansi, pepala lolemba nkhani, mapepala azikhalidwe abwino, obwezerezedwanso pamafakitale, ndi mapepala apanyumba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-15-2024
