Magulu a Zidutswa za Mapepala potengera zinthu zopangira

Mu makampani opanga mapepala, kusankha zipangizo zopangira ndikofunikira kwambiri pa ubwino wa zinthu, ndalama zopangira komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira. Makampani opanga mapepala ali ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zopangira, makamaka kuphatikizapo matabwa, nsungwi, udzu, hemp, thonje ndi zinyalala.

1. Zamkati zamatabwa

Mapepala a matabwa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zopangira mapepala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo zimapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa (mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo eucalyptus) kudzera mu njira zamakemikolo kapena zamakaniko. Mapepala a matabwa malinga ndi njira zake zosiyanasiyana zomangira, amatha kugawidwanso m'magulu a pulasitiki (monga sulphate pulp, sulphite pulp) ndi pulasitiki yamakina (monga kugaya miyala yamatabwa, pulasitiki yotentha yomangira). Mapepala a pulasitiki amatabwa ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba bwino, kuyamwa inki mwamphamvu, ndi zina zotero. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mabuku, manyuzipepala, mapepala opaka ndi mapepala apadera.

2. Nsalu ya nsungwi

Masamba a nsungwi amapangidwa kuchokera ku nsungwi ngati zinthu zopangira mapepala. Nsungwi imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yokulira, mphamvu yobwezeretsa zinthu, ndi zinthu zopangira mapepala zomwe zimakhala zoyera kwambiri, mpweya wabwino umalowa bwino, zimakhala zolimba komanso zina, zoyenera kupanga mapepala achikhalidwe, mapepala amoyo komanso gawo la mapepala opakidwa. Chifukwa cha kukulitsa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, kufunikira kwa msika wa mapepala a nsungwi kukukulirakulira.

3. Masamba a udzu Masamba a udzu amapangidwa kuchokera ku zomera zosiyanasiyana za zomera (monga mabango, udzu wa tirigu, masagasi, ndi zina zotero) ngati zopangira. Mitengo iyi ili ndi zinthu zambiri komanso yotsika mtengo, koma njira yopangira ma pulp ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo imafunika kuthana ndi mavuto a ulusi waufupi komanso zinyalala zambiri. Mapepala a udzu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mapepala opaka otsika, mapepala a chimbudzi ndi zina zotero.

4. chamba cha hemp

Ulusi wa hemp umapangidwa ndi fulakesi, jute ndi zomera zina za hemp ngati zinthu zopangira phala. Ulusi wa hemp ndi wautali, wolimba, wopangidwa ndi pepala la hemp lolimba komanso lolimba, makamaka loyenera kupanga mapepala apamwamba, mapepala a banki ndi mapepala ena apadera a mafakitale.

5. Ufa wa thonje

Ulusi wa thonje umapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje ngati zinthu zopangira ulusi. Ulusi wa thonje ndi wautali, wofewa komanso wonyamula inki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pepala la thonje likhale lokongola komanso lolemba bwino, choncho nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala olembedwa bwino komanso opaka utoto, mapepala ojambula ndi mapepala ena apadera.

6. Zinyalala Zotayidwa

Zinyalala, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mapepala obwezerezedwanso, pambuyo pochotsa inki, kuyeretsa ndi njira zina zochizira. Kubwezeretsanso zinyalala sikuti kungopulumutsa zachilengedwe zokha, komanso kumachepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala, zomwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampani opanga mapepala. Zinyalala zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yambiri ya mapepala, kuphatikizapo bolodi la bokosi lozungulira, bolodi la imvi, bolodi loyera la imvi pansi, bolodi loyera pansi, pepala latsopano, mapepala achikhalidwe osawononga chilengedwe, mapepala amafakitale obwezerezedwanso, ndi mapepala apakhomo.