Mitsuko ya bamboo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala, nsalu ndi madera ena chifukwa chachilengedwe chake chokhala ndi antibacterial, zongowonjezwdwa komanso zoteteza chilengedwe. Kuyesa mawonekedwe akuthupi, mankhwala, makina komanso chilengedwe cha nsungwi zamkati ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso chitetezo. Njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera ndizofunika kwambiri pakukweza mpikisano wamsika.
Bamboo pulp ndi ulusi wopangidwa kuchokera ku nsungwi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, makina kapena njira zamakemikolo. Chifukwa cha antibacterial zachilengedwe, zongowonjezwdwa komanso zokometsera zachilengedwe, zamkati zansungwi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala, nsalu ndi zina m'zaka zaposachedwa. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa zinthu zamtundu wa nsungwi ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, kuyesa kwa nsungwi zamkati ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za kuyezetsa, njira ndi kufunikira kwa zamkati za nsungwi.
1. Makhalidwe oyambira a nsungwi zamkati
Bamboo pulp ndi fiber yochokera ku bio yomwe ili ndi izi:
Ma cellulose achilengedwe: Zipatso za bamboo zimakhala ndi cellulose wambiri, zomwe zimatha kupereka mphamvu komanso kulimba.
Kutalika kwa nsungwi: Utali wa nsungwi umakhala pakati pa ulusi wa matabwa ndi udzu, womwe umapatsa nsungwi zamtundu wapadera komanso ndi zoyenera kupanga pamapepala osiyanasiyana.
Chitetezo champhamvu chachilengedwe: Monga chomera chomwe chikukula mwachangu, zamkati za nsungwi zimakhala ndi zida zongowonjezwdwanso komanso kutulutsa mpweya wochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoteteza zachilengedwe.
Katundu wa antibacterial: Ulusi wachilengedwe wa nsungwi uli ndi zinthu zina zowononga mabakiteriya ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera pakupakira zakudya, zinthu zosamalira anthu ndi magawo ena.
Zinthu zoyesa zamtundu wa nsungwi zikuphatikiza kuwunika kwakuthupi, mankhwala ndi makina, kuphatikiza kusanthula kwa fiber, mphamvu, zonyansa, kuyera, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri.
2. Zinthu zoyezera zamtundu wa nsungwi ndi kufunikira kwake
2.1 Kuyesa katundu wakuthupi
Thupi ndi maziko a nsungwi zamkati khalidwe, kuphimba CHIKWANGWANI kutalika, CHIKWANGWANI morphology, phulusa, zili zonyansa ndi zina.
Utali wa CHIKWANGWANI: Kutalika kwa ulusi wa nsungwi zamkati kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ndi kapangidwe ka pepala. Ulusi wautali kwambiri kapena waufupi kwambiri umakhudza kufanana ndi makina azinthu zamapepala. Kutalika kwa ulusi ndi kugawa kungayesedwe ndi fiber analyzer.
Phulusa: Zomwe zili mu phulusa zimatanthawuza zomwe zili muzinthu zomwe sizingapse ndi moto mu zamkati za nsungwi, zomwe zimachokera ku zinthu zopanda organic mu nsungwi ndi zodzaza kapena mankhwala omwe amawonjezeredwa pokonza. Phulusa lambiri limachepetsa mphamvu ndi kusinthika kwa zamkati, chifukwa chake kuzindikira phulusa ndichizindikiro chofunikira pakuwongolera khalidwe la nsungwi.
Zodetsedwa: Zodetsedwa mu nsungwi zamkati (monga mchenga, tchipisi tamatabwa, mitolo ya ulusi, ndi zina zotero) zimakhudza mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zamapepala omaliza. Zonyansa kwambiri zidzapangitsa kuti pepala likhale lolimba, kuchepetsa kusalala ndi ntchito ya pepala lomalizidwa.
Kuyera: Kuyera ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha mtundu wa zamkati, makamaka kwa zamkati za nsungwi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala olembera ndi mapepala osindikizira. Kukwera koyera, kumawonekera bwino pamapepala. Kuyera kumayesedwa ndi mita yoyera.
2.2 Kuzindikira kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Kuzindikira kwa kapangidwe kake ka nsungwi zamkati kumaphatikizapo kusanthula kwa cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin ndi zotsalira za zosungunulira. Izi mankhwala zigawo zikuluzikulu zimakhudza mwachindunji katundu ndi processing katundu wa nsungwi zamkati.
Ma cellulose: Cellulose ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha nsungwi zamkati, chomwe chimatsimikizira mphamvu ya nsungwi zamkati komanso kulimba kwa zinthu zamapepala. Zomwe zili mu cellulose mu zamkati za nsungwi zitha kudziwika ndi njira zowunikira mankhwala kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
Lignin okhutira: Lignin ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la makoma a maselo a zomera, koma popanga mapepala, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuchotsa mbali ya lignin kuti ikhale yoyera komanso yofewa ya zamkati. Kuchuluka kwa lignin kumapangitsa kuti zamkati zikhale zakuda, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa pepala lomalizidwa. Kuzindikira kwa lignin kumatha kuchitidwa ndi titration yamankhwala kapena kusanthula kwa spectral.
Zomwe zili mu hemicellulose: Monga gawo laling'ono mu zamkati la nsungwi, hemicellulose imagwira ntchito pakuwongolera kumamatira pakati pa ulusi ndi kufewa kwa zamkati. Kuchuluka kwa hemicellulose kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kusinthika kwa zamkati.
Zotsalira za mankhwala: Popanga nsungwi zamkati, mankhwala ena (monga alkali, bleach, etc.) angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa ngati pali zotsalira zamakemikolo mu nsungwi zamkati ndi gawo lofunikira kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo chazinthu komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
2.3 Kuyesa mphamvu zamakina
Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwamakina kwa zamkati za nsungwi kumaphatikizapo kulimba kwamphamvu, kung'ambika, kupindika kupirira, ndi zina zotere. Zizindikirozi zimakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wa pepala kapena nsalu zopangidwa kuchokera ku zamkati zansungwi.
Kulimba kwamphamvu: Kulimba kwamphamvu ndikuwonetsa kumamatira komanso kulimba kwa ulusi wamtundu wa nsungwi. Kuyesa kulimba kwa nsungwi zamkati kumatha kuwunika kukhazikika kwake panthawi yopanga mapepala komanso moyo wantchito wa pepala lomalizidwa.
Kugwetsa misozi: Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa misozi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa mphamvu yomwe pepala la nsungwi limatha kupirira potambasula ndikung'amba. Bamboo zamkati zokhala ndi mphamvu zong'ambika kwambiri ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri monga mapepala onyamula ndi mapepala amakampani.
Kukana kupindika: Kukana kupindika kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwa ulusi wa nsungwi zamkati kuti ukhalebe wokhulupirika panthawi yopinda mobwerezabwereza, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zamtundu wa nsungwi zomwe zimapanga mabuku apamwamba kwambiri kapena zoyikapo.
2.4 Kuyesa kwa chilengedwe
Popeza kuti zamkati za nsungwi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika, ma tableware, mapepala akuchimbudzi ndi magawo ena omwe amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi thupi la munthu, chitetezo chake cha chilengedwe komanso chitetezo ndizokwera kwambiri.
Biodegradability: Monga chomera chongowonjezedwanso, nsungwi zamkati zimakhala ndi biodegradability yabwino. Potengera kuwononga chilengedwe mu labotale, kuwonongeka kwa nsungwi zamkati kumatha kuwunikidwa kuti kuwonetsetse kuti kukugwirizana ndi chilengedwe.
Kuzindikira zinthu zovulaza: Zogulitsa zamtundu wa bamboo ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zilibe zinthu zovulaza monga zitsulo zolemera, formaldehyde, phthalates, ndi zina zotere. Pazinthu zamapepala a nsungwi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula chakudya, zinthu zaukhondo, ndi zina zotere, kuyesa kwamtundu uwu ndi makamaka kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawo alibe vuto lililonse kwa thupi la munthu.
Kuyesa kwa fluorescent whitening agent: Kuchulukirachulukira kwa zinthu zoyera za fulorosenti mu zamkati zansungwi kumakhudza chitetezo cha chakudya komanso momwe mapepala amagwirira ntchito, chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito zoyera za fulorosenti kuyenera kuyesedwa.
3. Njira zoyesera
Kuyesa kwamtundu wa bamboo kumaphatikizapo zida zosiyanasiyana komanso njira zowunikira mankhwala. Malingana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyesera, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi monga:
Njira yowunikira yaying'ono: yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana morphology, kutalika ndi kugawa kwa ulusi wa nsungwi zamkati kuti zithandizire kuwunika momwe mapepala ake amagwirira ntchito.
Njira yowunikira mankhwala: Zomwe zimapangidwa mu zamkati za nsungwi, monga mapadi, lignin, ndi hemicellulose, zimazindikirika ndi acid-base titration, gravimetric analysis kapena spectral analysis.
Mechanical tester: Kulimba kwamphamvu, kung'ambika komanso kupindika kupirira kumatha kumalizidwa ndi akatswiri oyesa zinthu zakuthupi kuti awonetsetse kuti makina amtundu wa nsungwi amakwaniritsa miyezo yomwe ikuyembekezeka.
Photometer: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuyera ndi kunyezimira kwa zamkati za nsungwi kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe a nsungwi zamkati amakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito pepala.
Kuyesa kachitidwe ka chilengedwe: Dziwani zinthu zovulaza mu nsungwi pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira zinthu zina (monga ma atomiki absorption spectrometer, gas chromatograph).
4. Kufunika koyezetsa nsungwi zamkati
Kuzindikira kwa nsungwi zamkati ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso zikugwira ntchito. Popeza nsungwi zamkati ndizogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala, nsalu ndi mafakitale ena, ndipo mtundu wake umakhudza mwachindunji momwe zinthu zakutsikirapo zimagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe ogula amakumana nazo.
Chitsimikizo chamtundu wazinthu: Mphamvu zamakina, kutalika kwa ulusi, kuyera komanso kapangidwe kake ka nsungwi zamkati ndizogwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu womaliza wazinthu zamapepala kapena nsalu. Kupyolera mu kuyesa, kukhazikika kwa zipangizo zopangira kupanga kungatsimikizidwe.
Chitsimikizo cha chitetezo cha chilengedwe: Pamene nsungwi zamkati zigwiritsidwa ntchito poyika chakudya ndi zinthu zaukhondo, ziyenera kuwonetseredwa kuti zilibe mankhwala owopsa. Kuyesa ndiye chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili zotetezeka.
Kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wamsika: Zogulitsa zapamwamba za nsungwi zimakhala zopikisana kwambiri pamsika, makamaka munthawi yomwe ogula amayang'anira chitetezo cha chilengedwe, zinthu zamtundu wa nsungwi zoyenerera zitha kuzindikirika kwambiri pamsika.
5. Mapeto
Monga chinthu chomwe chikuwoneka bwino ndi chilengedwe, nsungwi zamkati zikukula kwambiri m'magawo monga kupanga mapepala ndi nsalu. Poyesa mwatsatanetsatane zakuthupi, zamankhwala, zamakina komanso zachilengedwe za nsungwi zamkati, mtundu wake komanso chitetezo chake pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana zitha kutsimikizika. Pamene kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi zamkati kukukulirakulirabe, njira zoyesera ndi miyezo ya nsungwi zamkati zipititsidwa patsogolo kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko chaumoyo chamakampani a nsungwi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-12-2024
