●Kupanga mapepala a nsungwi
Chiyambireni chitukuko chabwino cha mafakitale ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nsungwi, njira zambiri zatsopano, matekinoloje ndi zinthu zopangira nsungwi zatuluka motsatizana, zomwe zakweza kwambiri kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nsungwi. Kutukuka kwaukadaulo waku China wopopera makina kwadutsa m'njira zakale ndipo kukusintha kukhala njira yopangira mafakitale ndi mafakitale. Njira zamakono zopangira nsungwi zamkati ndi zamakina, zamankhwala komanso zamakina. nsungwi zamkati China zambiri mankhwala, mlandu pafupifupi 70%; makina makina ndi zochepa, zosakwana 30%; kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina kupanga nsungwi zamkati ndizochepa pagawo loyesera, ndipo palibe lipoti lalikulu lamakampani.
1.Mechanical pulping njira
Njira yamakina pulping ndikugaya nsungwi kukhala ulusi ndi njira zamakina popanda kuwonjezera mankhwala. Iwo ali ubwino otsika kuipitsa, mkulu pulping mlingo ndi njira yosavuta. Pansi pa kuchulukirachulukira kowongolera kuipitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa zinthu zamkati zamatabwa mdziko muno, zida za nsungwi zamakina zimayamikiridwa pang'onopang'ono ndi anthu.
Ngakhale pulping yamakina imakhala ndi ubwino wothamanga kwambiri komanso kuipitsa kochepa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga mapepala a coniferous monga spruce. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa lignin, phulusa, ndi 1% NAOH kuchotsa mu mankhwala a nsungwi, zamkati zamkati zimakhala zosauka ndipo zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira za pepala lamalonda. Ntchito zamafakitale ndizosowa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pagawo la kafukufuku wasayansi ndi kufufuza kwaukadaulo.
2.Chemical pulping njira
Njira yopangira mankhwala imagwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ngati zopangira ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya sulfate kapena njira ya sulfite kupanga nsungwi. Zopangira za nsungwi zimayesedwa, kutsukidwa, kuchotsedwa madzi m'thupi, kuphikidwa, kupangidwa, kusefa, kutsukidwa kofananira, kutsekeka kotsekeka, kutulutsa mpweya, kuyatsa ndi njira zina zopangira nsungwi. Njira yopangira mankhwala imatha kuteteza ulusi ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa pulping. Zamkati zomwe zapezedwa ndi zabwino, zaudongo ndi zofewa, zosavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala apamwamba olembera ndi mapepala osindikizira.
Chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa lignin, phulusa ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana pakupanga njira yamankhwala, kutulutsa kwa nsungwi kumakhala kochepa, nthawi zambiri 45% ~ 55%.
3.Chemical Mechanical Pulping
Chemical Mechanical Pulping ndi njira yopukutira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ngati zopangira ndipo imaphatikiza mikhalidwe ina ya kukoka kwamankhwala ndi kukoka kwamakina. Chemical Mechanical Pulping imaphatikizapo njira ya theka-mankhwala, njira yamakina amankhwala ndi njira yamankhwala a thermomechanical.
Kwa nsungwi pulping ndi kupanga mapepala, kuchuluka kwa pulping kwamankhwala kumakanika kumakwera kuposa kutulutsa kwamankhwala, komwe kumatha kufika 72% ~ 75%; ubwino wa zamkati zopezedwa ndi mankhwala mechanical pulping ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mawotchi pulping, amene angathe kukwaniritsa zofunika zonse za katundu pepala kupanga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mtengo wa kuchira kwa alkali ndi kuchiza kwa zimbudzi umakhalanso pakati pa pulping ya mankhwala ndi pulping mechanical.
▲Bamboo Pulping Production Line
●Zida Zopangira Mapepala a Bamboo Pulp
Zida zomwe zimapangidwira gawo la mzere wopanga mapepala a bamboo zamkati ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimapangira matabwa. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zida zopangira mapepala za nsungwi zagona m'magawo okonzekera monga kudula, kuchapa ndi kuphika.
Popeza nsungwi ili ndi dzenje, zida zodulira ndi zosiyana ndi zamatabwa. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zocheka nsungwi (zophulika) zimaphatikizapo chodulira nsungwi, chodulira nsungwi ndi drum chipper. Zodulira nsungwi zodzigudubuza ndi zodulira nsungwi zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, koma mtundu wa tchipisi tansungwi (mawonekedwe a nsungwi) siwofanana ndi opangira ng'oma. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha zida zoyenera zocheka (zowotcha) malinga ndi cholinga cha nsungwi zamkati ndi mtengo wopangira. Kwa zomera zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono za nsungwi zamkati (zotulutsa <100,000 t/a), zida zodula nsungwi zapakhomo ndizokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa zopanga; kwa zomera zazikulu za nsungwi zamkati (zotulutsa ≥100,000 t/a), zida zapamwamba zapadziko lonse lapansi zodula (zowotcha) zitha kusankhidwa.
Zida zotsuka za bamboo chip zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zonyansa, ndipo zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi zovomerezeka zanenedwa ku China. Nthawi zambiri, ma washers a vacuum pulp washers, ma washers apulp pulp ndi ma washer a lamba zamkati amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mabizinesi apakatikati ndi akulu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makina ochapira osindikizira amitundu iwiri kapena makina ochapira amphamvu ochotsa madzi.
Zida zophikira za bamboo chip zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofewetsa nsungwi komanso kupatukana ndi mankhwala. Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati amagwiritsa ntchito miphika yophikira yoyima kapena machubu opitilira kuphika. Mabizinesi akulu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma cookers opitilira a Camille okhala ndi kutsuka kosamba kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga bwino, ndipo zokolola zazakudya zidzakweranso moyenerera, koma zimawonjezera mtengo wandalama kamodzi.
1.Bamboo pulp papermaking ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu
Kutengera kafukufuku wa zinthu za nsungwi za ku China komanso kuwunika kwa kuyenerera kwa nsungwi palokha kupanga mapepala, kukulitsa mwamphamvu makampani opangira nsungwi sikungochepetsa vuto la zopangira matabwa zolimba m'makampani aku China, komanso kukhala njira yabwino yosinthira mawonekedwe amakampani opanga mapepala ndikuchepetsa kudalira tchipisi tamatabwa zochokera kunja. Akatswiri ena apenda kuti mtengo wamtengo wa nsungwi pamtengo uliwonse ndi pafupifupi 30% wotsika kuposa wa paini, spruce, bulugamu, ndi zina zotero, ndipo mtundu wa zamkati wa nsungwi ndi wofanana ndi zamkati zamatabwa.
2. Kuphatikiza mapepala ndi nkhalango ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko
Chifukwa cha ubwino wa nsungwi womwe umakula mofulumira komanso wobwezeretsa, kulimbitsa kulima nkhalango zapadera za nsungwi zomwe zimakula mwachangu komanso kukhazikitsa maziko opangira nsungwi zomwe zimagwirizanitsa nkhalango ndi mapepala kudzakhala njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampani opanga nsungwi ndi mapepala ku China, kuchepetsa kudalira matabwa ndi matabwa ochokera kunja, komanso kupanga mafakitale adziko lonse.
3. Cluster bamboo pulping ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwachitukuko
M'makampani opanga nsungwi apano, zopitilira 90% zazinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi za moso (Phoebe nanmu), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zinthu zapakhomo ndi zida zamapangidwe. Kupanga mapepala a Bamboo kumagwiritsanso ntchito nsungwi ya moso (Phoebe nanmu) ndi nsungwi za cycad ngati zida zopangira, zomwe zimapanga mpikisano wazinthu zopangira ndipo sizithandizira chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampaniwo. Pamaziko a mitundu ya nsungwi yomwe ilipo, makampani opanga mapepala a nsungwi akuyenera kupanga mwamphamvu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsungwi kuti agwiritse ntchito, agwiritse ntchito mokwanira nsungwi zamtengo wapatali za cycad, chinjoka chachikulu, nsungwi wamchira wa phoenix, dendrocalamus latiflorus ndi nsungwi zina zopukutira popanga komanso kukonza mapepala.
▲Nsungwi zophatikizika zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri zamkati
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-04-2024
