●Ntchito yopangira mapepala a nsungwi
Kuyambira pamene nsungwi idakula bwino komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, njira zambiri zatsopano, ukadaulo, ndi zinthu zopangira nsungwi zatuluka imodzi motsatizana, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi. Kukula kwa ukadaulo wopangira nsungwi ku China kwadutsa njira yachikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito pamanja ndipo kwasintha kukhala njira yopangira nsungwi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja komanso ya mafakitale. Njira zodziwika bwino zopangira nsungwi ndi zamakina, mankhwala, ndi mankhwala. Nsungwi ya ku China ndi ya mankhwala ambiri, pafupifupi 70%; mankhwala ndi ochepera, osakwana 30%; kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina popanga nsungwi ndi gawo loyesera lokha, ndipo palibe lipoti lalikulu la mafakitale.
1. Njira yopangira makina
Njira yopangira nsungwi pogwiritsa ntchito makina ndiyo kupuntha nsungwi kukhala ulusi pogwiritsa ntchito makina popanda kuwonjezera mankhwala. Ili ndi ubwino wochepa wa kuipitsa, kuchuluka kwa kupuntha komanso njira yosavuta. Popeza anthu ambiri akuipitsa nsungwi komanso kusowa kwa zinthu zamatabwa m'dziko muno, pang'onopang'ono anthu ayamba kuiona kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti kupopera kwa makina kuli ndi ubwino wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kupopera komanso kuipitsa pang'ono, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga ma coniferous ndi mapepala monga spruce. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa lignin, phulusa, ndi 1% NAOH extract mu kapangidwe ka mankhwala a nsungwi, ubwino wa pulp ndi wochepa ndipo n'zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira za pepala lamalonda. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale n'kosowa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala mu gawo la kafukufuku wasayansi ndi kufufuza zaukadaulo.
2. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala
Njira yopangira mankhwala imagwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ngati zopangira ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya sulfate kapena njira ya sulfite popanga nsungwi. Zipangizo zopangira nsungwi zimatsukidwa, kutsukidwa, kuchotsedwa madzi m'thupi, kuphikidwa, kutsukidwa, kusefedwa, kutsukidwa ndi madzi ena, kutsekedwa, kuyeretsa mpweya, kuyeretsa ndi njira zina zopangira nsungwi. Njira yopangira mankhwala imatha kuteteza ulusi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kupukuta. Nsungwi yomwe yapezeka ndi yabwino, yoyera komanso yofewa, yosavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mapepala olembera apamwamba komanso mapepala osindikizira.
Chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa lignin yambiri, phulusa ndi zotulutsa zosiyanasiyana mu njira yopukutira mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa kupukutira kwa nsungwi kumakhala kochepa, nthawi zambiri 45% ~ 55%.
3. Kupaka Makina a Mankhwala
Kupopa kwa Mankhwala Opangidwa ndi Mankhwala (Chemical Mechanical Pulping) ndi njira yopopa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ngati zopangira ndipo imaphatikiza makhalidwe ena a kupopa kwa mankhwala ndi kupopa kwa makina. Kupopa kwa Mankhwala Opangidwa ndi Mankhwala kumaphatikizapo njira ya semichemical, njira yamakina ya mankhwala ndi njira ya thermomechanical ya mankhwala.
Pakupanga nsungwi ndi mapepala, kuchuluka kwa pulping ya makina opangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi kwakukulu kuposa kwa pulping ya mankhwala, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatha kufika 72% ~ 75%; mtundu wa pulping womwe umapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa wa makina opangidwa ndi mankhwala, womwe ungakwaniritse zofunikira zonse popanga mapepala. Nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wobwezeretsa alkali ndi kukonza zinyalala ulinso pakati pa pulping ya mankhwala ndi makina opangidwa ndi mankhwala.
▲Mzere Wopangira Nsungwi
●Zida Zopangira Mapepala a Nsungwi
Zipangizo za gawo lopangira mapepala a nsungwi zimakhala zofanana ndi za mzere wopanga mapepala a nsungwi. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zida zopangira mapepala a nsungwi kuli m'magawo okonzekera monga kudula, kutsuka ndi kuphika.
Popeza nsungwi ili ndi kapangidwe kobowoka, zida zodulira nsungwi zimasiyana ndi za matabwa. Zipangizo zodulira nsungwi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo chodulira nsungwi chodulira, chodulira nsungwi chodulira disc ndi chodulira ng'oma. Zodulira nsungwi zodulira ndi zodulira nsungwi zodulira disc zimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri, koma ubwino wa zips za nsungwi zokonzedwa (mawonekedwe a nsungwi) si wabwino ngati wa zips za nsungwi. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha zida zoyenera zodulira (zodulira) malinga ndi cholinga cha pulp ya nsungwi ndi mtengo wopangira. Pa zomera zazing'ono ndi zapakati za nsungwi (zotuluka <100,000 t/a), zida zodulira nsungwi zapakhomo ndizokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa zopangira; pa zomera zazikulu za nsungwi zodulira (zotuluka ≥100,000 t/a), zida zazikulu zodulira (zodulira) zapadziko lonse lapansi zitha kusankhidwa.
Zipangizo zotsukira zitsulo za nsungwi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zinyalala, ndipo zinthu zambiri zomwe zili ndi patent zanenedwa ku China. Kawirikawiri, zotsukira zitsulo za vacuum pulp, zotsukira zitsulo za pressure pulp ndi zotsukira zitsulo za lamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makampani apakati ndi akuluakulu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira zitsulo zatsopano za double-roller displacement press pulp kapena zotsukira zitsulo zamphamvu zochotsa madzi.
Zipangizo zophikira ma chip a nsungwi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofewetsa ma chip a nsungwi komanso kulekanitsa mankhwala. Makampani ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati amagwiritsa ntchito miphika yophikira yoyima kapena ma cooker opingasa a chubu chopingasa. Makampani akuluakulu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma cooker opingasa a Camille okhala ndi kusamba kofalikira kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga, ndipo zokolola zamkati nazonso zidzakwera moyenerera, koma zidzawonjezera ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa kamodzi kokha.
1. Kupanga mapepala a nsungwi kuli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu
Kutengera kafukufuku wa zinthu za nsungwi ku China komanso kusanthula koyenera kwa nsungwi yokha popanga mapepala, kukulitsa mwamphamvu makampani opanga nsungwi sikungochepetsa vuto la zipangizo zopangira nsungwi zolimba mumakampani opanga mapepala ku China, komanso kungakhale njira yothandiza yosinthira kapangidwe ka zinthu zopangira mapepala ndikuchepetsa kudalira matabwa ochokera kunja. Akatswiri ena afufuza kuti mtengo wa nsungwi pa unit mass ndi wocheperapo ndi 30% kuposa wa paini, spruce, eucalyptus, ndi zina zotero, ndipo mtundu wa nsungwi ndi wofanana ndi wa nsungwi.
2. Kuphatikiza mapepala ndi nkhalango ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko
Chifukwa cha ubwino wa nsungwi womwe umakula mofulumira komanso wobwezeretsa, kulimbitsa kulima nkhalango zapadera za nsungwi zomwe zimakula mwachangu komanso kukhazikitsa maziko opangira nsungwi zomwe zimagwirizanitsa nkhalango ndi mapepala kudzakhala njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampani opanga nsungwi ndi mapepala ku China, kuchepetsa kudalira matabwa ndi matabwa ochokera kunja, komanso kupanga mafakitale adziko lonse.
3. Kupopera nsungwi za Cluster kuli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga zinthu
Mu makampani opanga nsungwi omwe alipo pano, zinthu zopangira zoposa 90% zimapangidwa ndi nsungwi ya moso (Phoebe nanmu), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zapakhomo ndi zomangamanga. Kupanga mapepala a nsungwi kumagwiritsanso ntchito nsungwi ya moso (Phoebe nanmu) ndi nsungwi ya cycad ngati zinthu zopangira, zomwe zimapangitsa mpikisano wa zinthu zopangira ndipo sizithandiza kuti makampaniwa apitirire patsogolo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya nsungwi yaiwisi yomwe ilipo, makampani opanga mapepala a nsungwi ayenera kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsungwi kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nsungwi ya cycad yotsika mtengo, nsungwi ya giant dragon, nsungwi ya phoenix tail, nsungwi ya dendrocalamus latiflorus ndi nsungwi zina zomangira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ndi kupanga mapepala, ndikukweza mpikisano pamsika.
▲Nsungwi zodzaza ndi mipanda zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-04-2024
