China ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsungwi komanso kasamalidwe kapamwamba kwambiri ka nsungwi. Ndi zabwino zake zopangira nsungwi komanso ukadaulo wokhwima wopangira mapepala a nsungwi, makampani opanga mapepala a nsungwi akuchulukirachulukira ndipo mayendedwe akusintha ndikukweza akuchulukirachulukira. Mu 2021, kutulutsa kwa nsungwi kudziko langa kunali matani 2.42 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 10.5%; panali mabizinesi 23 opangidwa ndi nsungwi pamwamba pa kukula kwake, okhala ndi antchito 76,000 komanso mtengo wake wa yuan biliyoni 13.2; panali 92 nsungwi mapepala ndi paperboard processing ndi kupanga mabizinezi, ndi antchito 35,000 ndi linanena bungwe la 7.15 biliyoni yuan; panali mabizinesi oposa 80 opangidwa ndi mapepala opangidwa ndi manja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ngati zopangira, okhala ndi antchito pafupifupi 5,000 komanso mtengo wake wa yuan pafupifupi 700 miliyoni; Liwiro la kuthetsa m'mbuyo mphamvu kupanga inapita patsogolo, ndipo patsogolo mankhwala pulping kuphika ndi bleaching luso, mankhwala makina pulping imayenera pre-impregnation ndi pulping luso ndi zipangizo akhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nsungwi zamkati kupanga. Makampani opanga mapepala a nsungwi akudziko langa akupita patsogolo komanso kukula.
Miyezo yatsopano
Mu Disembala 2021, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Development and Reform Commission ndi madipatimenti ena 10 mogwirizana adapereka "Maganizo pa Kupititsa patsogolo Kupanga Zinthu ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Makampani a Bamboo". Madera osiyanasiyana apanga motsatizana ndondomeko zothandizira kuti apereke chithandizo champhamvu cholimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha malonda a nsungwi, kuphatikizapo nsungwi ndi mapepala. madera akuluakulu a nsungwi ndi mapepala opanga mapepala akukhazikika ku Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, Fujian ndi Yunnan. Pakati pawo, Sichuan ndiye chigawo chachikulu kwambiri cha nsungwi komanso chigawo chopanga mapepala m'dziko langa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Chigawo cha Sichuan chapanga mwamphamvu gulu lophatikizira lazamkati ndi mapepala la "bamboo-pulp-paper-processing-sales", lidapanga mtundu wotsogola wa mapepala apanyumba a nsungwi, ndikusintha ubwino wa zinthu zobiriwira za nsungwi kukhala chitukuko cha mafakitale. ubwino, kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Kutengera ndi chuma cha nsungwi, Sichuan walima nkhalango za nsungwi zapamwamba kwambiri, wakonza nkhalango za nsungwi, kubzala nkhalango zansungwi pamalo otsetsereka opitilira madigiri 25 komanso minda yomwe siinali yoyambira kwambiri yokhala ndi otsetsereka a 15 mpaka 25 madigiri m'madzi ofunikira. Magwero omwe amakwaniritsa ndondomekoyi, adalimbikitsa mwasayansi kuyang'anira nkhalango za nsungwi, kugwirizanitsa chitukuko cha nkhalango za nsungwi ndi zachilengedwe za nsungwi, komanso kulimbikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zolipilira ndi zothandizira. Malo osungiramo nsungwi akuchulukirachulukira. Mu 2022, nkhalango ya nsungwi m'chigawochi idaposa 18 miliyoni mu, zomwe zimapereka zida zambiri zapamwamba za nsungwi zopangira nsungwi ndi kupanga mapepala, makamaka mapepala amtundu wa nsungwi. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti mapepala apanyumba a nsungwi ndi abwino komanso kudziwitsa anthu za mapepala amtundu wachilengedwe kunyumba ndi kunja, bungwe la Sichuan Paper Industry Association linafunsira ku Trademark Office ya State Intellectual Property Office kuti lilembetse "Bamboo Pulp Paper". "chizindikiro chamagulu. Kuchokera pakulimbana ndi dzanja limodzi kupita ku chitukuko chapakati komanso chachikulu, kugwirizanitsa pamodzi kuti mukhale ofunda ndi kupambana-kupambana mgwirizano wakhala ubwino wa chitukuko cha Sichuan Paper. Mu 2021, panali mabizinesi 13 opangira nsungwi pamwamba pa kukula kwake m'chigawo cha Sichuan, okhala ndi nsungwi za matani 1.2731 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 7.62%, kuwerengera 67.13% ya zotulutsa zoyambirira za dzikolo, za zomwe pafupifupi 80% zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala apanyumba; panali mabizinesi 58 a nsungwi amtundu wa mapepala okhala ndi matani 1.256 miliyoni pachaka; panali mabizinesi 248 a nsungwi amtundu wapanyumba okonza mapepala okhala ndi matani 1.308 miliyoni pachaka. 40% ya pepala lachilengedwe la bamboo zamkati lanyumba lomwe limapangidwa limagulitsidwa m'chigawochi, ndipo 60% imagulitsidwa kunja kwa chigawochi komanso kunja kudzera pamapulatifomu ogulitsa e-commerce komanso njira yapadziko lonse ya "Belt and Road". Dziko lapansi limayang'ana ku China nsungwi, ndipo China imayang'ana ku Sichuan ngati zamkati zansungwi. Mtundu wa "bamboo pulp paper" wa Sichuan wapita padziko lonse lapansi.
Zamakono zatsopano
dziko langa ndilomwe limapanga padziko lonse lapansi zamtundu wa nsungwi / nsungwi zosungunuka, ndi mizere 12 yamakono yopanga mankhwala a nsungwi omwe amatha kupanga matani oposa 100,000 pachaka, mphamvu yokwanira yopanga matani 2.2 miliyoni, omwe matani 600,000 akusungunuka. zamkati. Fang Guigan, wofufuza komanso woyang'anira udokotala ku Institute of Forest Products Chemical Viwanda ya Chinese Academy of Forestry, wakhala akudzipereka kwa nthawi yayitali pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje ofunikira ndi zida zamakampani opanga zokolola zambiri mdziko langa. Ananenanso kuti pambuyo poti mgwirizano wamakampani, maphunziro ndi kafukufuku, ofufuza adutsa njira zamakono zopangira nsungwi zamkati / kusungunula zamkati, ndipo matekinoloje apamwamba ophikira ndi kuthirira ndi zida zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nsungwi zamkati. Kupyolera mu kusintha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi zamakono monga "New Technologies for Efficient Bamboo Pulping and Papermaking" kuyambira "Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi ziwiri", dziko langa lathetsa vuto la mchere wa N ndi P mu ndondomeko ya Kuchotsa mowa wakuda wa silicon ndi mankhwala otulutsa kunja. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kutukuka kwachitika pakukula kwa kuyera kwa nsungwi zokolola zambiri zamkati. Pansi pa mlingo wa ma bleaching agent, kuyera kwa nsungwi zokolola zochuluka kwakwera kuchoka pa 65% kufika kupitirira 70%. Pakadali pano, ofufuza akuyesetsa kuthana ndi zovuta zaukadaulo monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso zokolola zochepa popanga nsungwi zamkati, ndikuyesetsa kuti pakhale phindu pakupanga nsungwi zamkati ndikukweza mpikisano wamsika wapadziko lonse wa nsungwi.
Mwayi watsopano
Mu Januware 2020, lamulo latsopano loletsa pulasitiki mdziko muno lidanenanso za kuletsa kwa pulasitiki ndikusankha njira zina, kubweretsa mwayi watsopano kumakampani opanga nsungwi ndi mapepala. Akatswiri adanenanso kuti pansi pa "carbon wapawiri", nsungwi, monga gwero lofunikira lopanda nkhuni, limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo chamitengo padziko lonse lapansi, chitukuko chobiriwira cha mpweya wochepa, komanso kukonza moyo wa anthu. "Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" ndi "kuyika nsungwi" ndi kuthekera kwakukulu komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwachitukuko cha mafakitale. Nsungwi imakula mwachangu, imakhala ndi zotsalira zake zazikulu komanso imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Ubwino wa nsungwi fiber morphology ndi cellulose zili pakati pa matabwa a coniferous ndi matabwa otakata, ndipo zamkati za nsungwi zomwe zimapangidwa zimafanana ndi zamkati. Ulusi wamtundu wa nsungwi ndi wautali kuposa wamitengo yotakata, ma cell khoma la microstructure ndi apadera, kugunda kwamphamvu ndi ductility ndizabwino, ndipo zamkati zowulitsidwa zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Nthawi yomweyo, nsungwi zimakhala ndi cellulose wambiri ndipo ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zopangira mapepala. Makhalidwe osiyanitsidwa a zamkati za nsungwi ndi zamkati zamatabwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala apamwamba komanso mapepala apamwamba. Fang Guigan adanena kuti chitukuko chokhazikika cha malonda a nsungwi ndi mapepala sichingasiyanitsidwe ndi zatsopano: choyamba, kusintha kwa ndondomeko, kuonjezera thandizo la ndalama, ndikumanga ndi kukonza zomangamanga monga misewu, misewu, ndi ma slide m'madera a nkhalango za nsungwi. Chachiwiri, luso logwetsa zida, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida zongodula zokha komanso zanzeru, kumathandizira kuti anthu azigwira bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zotsika mtengo. Chachitatu, luso lachitsanzo, m'malo okhala ndi zinthu zabwino, konzani ndikumanga malo osungiramo nsungwi, kukulitsa unyolo wamafakitale ndikukulitsa unyolo wokonza, kukwaniritsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zonse za nsungwi, ndikukulitsa phindu lachuma pamakampani ansungwi. Chachinayi, luso la sayansi ndi zamakono, kukulitsa mitundu ya zinthu zopangira nsungwi, monga zida zomangira nsungwi, matabwa a nsungwi, kuzama kwa masamba a nsungwi, kukonza kwambiri tchipisi tansungwi (node, nsungwi zachikasu, chinangwa), kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamtengo wapatali kwa nsungwi. lignin, ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya cellulose (kusungunuka zamkati); thetsani zopinga zazikulu zaukadaulo popanga nsungwi zamkati m'njira yolunjika ndikuzindikira ukadaulo wapakhomo ndi zida. Kwa mabizinesi, popanga zinthu zatsopano zosiyanitsidwa monga kusungunula zamkati, mapepala apanyumba, ndi mapepala oyika chakudya, komanso kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zamtengo wapatali pakupanga, ndi njira yabwino yotulutsira zinyalala zapamwamba kwambiri. phindu lachitsanzo posachedwa ndikupeza chitukuko chapamwamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-08-2024
