China ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsungwi komanso kasamalidwe kapamwamba kwambiri ka nsungwi. Ndi zabwino zake zopangira nsungwi komanso ukadaulo wokhwima wopangira mapepala a nsungwi, makampani opanga mapepala a nsungwi akuchulukirachulukira ndipo mayendedwe akusintha ndikukweza akuchulukirachulukira. Mu 2021, kutulutsa kwa nsungwi kudziko langa kunali matani 2.42 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 10.5%; panali mabizinesi 23 opangira nsungwi pamwamba pa kukula kwake, okhala ndi antchito 76,000 komanso mtengo wake wa yuan biliyoni 13.2; panali 92 nsungwi mapepala ndi paperboard processing ndi kupanga mabizinesi, ndi antchito 35,000 ndi linanena bungwe la 7.15 biliyoni yuan; panali mabizinesi oposa 80 opangidwa ndi mapepala opangidwa ndi manja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ngati zopangira, okhala ndi antchito pafupifupi 5,000 komanso mtengo wake wa yuan pafupifupi 700 miliyoni; Liwiro la kuthetsa m'mbuyo mphamvu kupanga inapita patsogolo, ndipo patsogolo mankhwala pulping kuphika ndi bleaching luso, mankhwala makina pulping imayenera pre-impregnation ndi pulping luso ndi zipangizo akhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nsungwi zamkati kupanga. Makampani opanga mapepala a nsungwi akudziko langa akupita patsogolo komanso kukula.
Miyezo yatsopano
Mu Disembala 2021, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Development and Reform Commission ndi madipatimenti ena 10 mogwirizana adapereka "Maganizo pa Kupititsa patsogolo Kupanga Zinthu ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Makampani a Bamboo". Madera osiyanasiyana apanga motsatizana ndondomeko zothandizira kuti apereke chithandizo champhamvu cholimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha malonda a nsungwi, kuphatikizapo nsungwi ndi mapepala. madera akuluakulu a nsungwi ndi mapepala opanga mapepala akukhazikika ku Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, Fujian ndi Yunnan. Pakati pawo, Sichuan ndiye chigawo chachikulu kwambiri cha nsungwi komanso chigawo chopanga mapepala m'dziko langa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Chigawo cha Sichuan chapanga mwamphamvu gulu lophatikizira lazamkati ndi mapepala la "nsungwi-zamkati-mapepala-kukonza-zogulitsa", lidapanga mtundu wotsogola wa mapepala apanyumba a nsungwi, ndikusintha ubwino wa zinthu zobiriwira za nsungwi kukhala zopindulitsa zachitukuko cha mafakitale, ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino. Kutengera zinthu zamtengo wapatali za nsungwi, Sichuan adalima nkhalango zansungwi zapamwamba kwambiri, adakulitsa nkhalango zansungwi, adabzala nkhalango zansungwi pamtunda wopitilira madigiri 25 komanso malo olima omwe ali otsetsereka a madigiri 15 mpaka 25 m'magwero ofunikira amadzi omwe amakwaniritsa mfundoyi, adalimbikitsa mwasayansi kuyang'anira nkhalango za nsungwi, kulimbikitsa kayendetsedwe ka nkhalango za nsungwi, kuwongolera nkhalango za nsungwi. ndi nkhalango zansungwi za chilengedwe, ndi kulimbikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zolipirira chipukuta misozi ndi zothandizira. Malo osungiramo nsungwi akuchulukirachulukira. Mu 2022, nkhalango ya nsungwi m'chigawochi idaposa 18 miliyoni mu, zomwe zimapereka zida zambiri zapamwamba za nsungwi zopangira nsungwi ndi kupanga mapepala, makamaka mapepala amtundu wa nsungwi. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti mapepala apanyumba a nsungwi ndi abwino komanso kudziwitsa anthu za mapepala amtundu wachilengedwe kunyumba ndi kunja, a Sichuan Paper Industry Association adafunsira ku Trademark Office ya State Intellectual Property Office kuti alembetse chizindikiro cha "Bamboo Pulp Paper". Kuchokera pakulimbana ndi dzanja limodzi kupita ku chitukuko chapakati komanso chachikulu, kugwirizanitsa pamodzi kuti mukhale ofunda ndi kupambana-kupambana mgwirizano wakhala ubwino wa chitukuko cha Sichuan Paper. Mu 2021, panali mabizinesi 13 opangidwa ndi nsungwi pamwamba pa kukula kwake m'chigawo cha Sichuan, okhala ndi nsungwi zamkati matani 1.2731 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 7.62%, kuwerengera 67.13% yazigawo zoyambirira za dzikolo, zomwe pafupifupi 80% zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala apanyumba; panali mabizinesi 58 a nsungwi amtundu wa mapepala okhala ndi matani 1.256 miliyoni pachaka; panali mabizinesi 248 a nsungwi amtundu wapanyumba omwe amakonza mapepala okhala ndi matani 1.308 miliyoni pachaka. 40% ya pepala lachilengedwe la bamboo zamkati lanyumba lomwe limapangidwa limagulitsidwa m'chigawochi, ndipo 60% imagulitsidwa kunja kwa chigawochi komanso kunja kudzera pamapulatifomu ogulitsa e-commerce komanso njira yapadziko lonse ya "Belt and Road". Dziko lapansi limayang'ana ku China nsungwi, ndipo China imayang'ana ku Sichuan ngati zamkati zansungwi. Mtundu wa "bamboo pulp paper" wa Sichuan wapita padziko lonse lapansi.
Zamakono zatsopano
dziko langa ndilomwe limapanga padziko lonse lapansi zamtundu wa nsungwi / nsungwi zosungunula zamkati, zokhala ndi mizere 12 yamakono yopanga mankhwala a nsungwi omwe amatha kupanga matani oposa 100,000 pachaka, okwana matani 2.2 miliyoni, omwe matani 600,000 ndi nsungwi zosungunula zamkati. Fang Guigan, wofufuza komanso woyang'anira udokotala ku Institute of Forest Products Chemical Viwanda ya Chinese Academy of Forestry, wakhala akudzipereka kwa nthawi yayitali pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje ofunikira ndi zida zamakampani opanga zokolola zambiri mdziko langa. Ananenanso kuti pambuyo poti mgwirizano wamakampani, maphunziro ndi kafukufuku, ofufuza adutsa njira zamakono zopangira nsungwi zamkati / kusungunula zamkati, ndipo matekinoloje apamwamba ophikira ndi kuthirira ndi zida zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nsungwi zamkati. Kupyolera mu kusintha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi zamakono monga "New Technologies for Efficient Bamboo Pulping and Papermaking" kuyambira "Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi ziwiri", dziko langa latha kuthetsa vuto la mchere wa N ndi P mu ndondomeko ya kuchotsa mowa wakuda wa silicon ndi chithandizo chakunja chakunja. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kupita patsogolo kwachitika pakuwonjezeka kwa kuyera kwa nsungwi zokolola zambiri zamkati. Pansi pa mlingo wa ma bleaching agent, kuyera kwa nsungwi zokolola zochuluka kwakwera kuchoka pa 65% kufika kupitirira 70%. Pakadali pano, ofufuza akuyesetsa kuthana ndi zovuta zaukadaulo monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso zokolola zochepa popanga nsungwi zamkati, ndikuyesetsa kuti pakhale phindu pakupanga nsungwi zamkati ndikukweza mpikisano wamsika wapadziko lonse wa nsungwi.
Mwayi watsopano
Mu Januware 2020, lamulo latsopano loletsa pulasitiki mdziko muno lidanenanso za kuletsa kwa pulasitiki ndikusankha njira zina, kubweretsa mwayi watsopano kumakampani opanga nsungwi ndi mapepala. Akatswiri adanenanso kuti pansi pa "carbon wapawiri", nsungwi, monga gwero lofunikira lopanda nkhuni, limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo chamitengo padziko lonse lapansi, chitukuko chobiriwira cha mpweya wochepa, komanso kukonza moyo wa anthu. "Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" ndi "kuyika nsungwi" ndi kuthekera kwakukulu komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwachitukuko cha mafakitale. Nsungwi imakula mwachangu, imakhala ndi zotsalira zake zazikulu komanso imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Ubwino wa nsungwi fiber morphology ndi cellulose zili pakati pa matabwa a coniferous ndi matabwa otakata, ndipo zamkati za nsungwi zomwe zimapangidwa zimafanana ndi zamkati. Ulusi wamtundu wa nsungwi ndi wautali kuposa wamitengo yotakata, ma cell khoma la microstructure ndi apadera, kugunda kwamphamvu ndi ductility ndizabwino, ndipo zamkati zowulitsidwa zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Nthawi yomweyo, nsungwi zimakhala ndi cellulose wambiri ndipo ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zopangira mapepala. Makhalidwe osiyanitsidwa a zamkati za nsungwi ndi zamkati zamatabwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala apamwamba komanso mapepala apamwamba. Fang Guigan adanena kuti chitukuko chokhazikika cha malonda a nsungwi ndi mapepala sichingasiyanitsidwe ndi zatsopano: choyamba, kusintha kwa ndondomeko, kuonjezera thandizo la ndalama, ndikumanga ndi kukonza zomangamanga monga misewu, misewu, ndi ma slide m'madera a nkhalango za nsungwi. Chachiwiri, luso logwetsa zida, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida zongodula zokha komanso zanzeru, kumathandizira kuti anthu azigwira bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zotsika mtengo. Chachitatu, luso lachitsanzo, m'malo okhala ndi zinthu zabwino, konzani ndikumanga malo osungiramo nsungwi, kukulitsa unyolo wamafakitale ndikukulitsa unyolo wokonza, kukwaniritsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zonse za nsungwi, ndikukulitsa phindu lachuma pamakampani ansungwi. Chachinayi, luso la sayansi ndi luso lamakono, kukulitsa mitundu ya zinthu zopangira nsungwi, monga nsungwi zomangira, matabwa ansungwi, nsungwi zakuya zamasamba, tchipisi ta nsungwi (nodi, nsungwi zachikasu, nsungwi), kugwiritsa ntchito kwamtengo wapatali kwa lignin, ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka cellulose (kusungunuka zamkati); thetsani zopinga zazikulu zaukadaulo popanga nsungwi zamkati m'njira yolunjika ndikuzindikira ukadaulo wapakhomo ndi zida. Kwa mabizinesi, popanga zinthu zatsopano zosiyanitsidwa monga kusungunula zamkati, mapepala apanyumba, ndi mapepala onyamula chakudya, komanso kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zamtengo wapatali pakupanga, ndi njira yabwino yotulutsiramo phindu lalikulu posachedwa ndikupeza chitukuko chapamwamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-08-2024
