Zinthu Zinayi Zazikulu Zopangidwa ku China
Kupanga mapepala ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zinayi zazikulu zomwe China yapanga. Mapepala ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu akale ogwira ntchito ku China azindikire zomwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuti azindikire nzeru zawo. Ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri m'mbiri ya chitukuko cha anthu.
Mu chaka choyamba cha Yuanxing mu Ufumu wa Kum'mawa kwa Han (105), Cai Lun anasintha kupanga mapepala. Anagwiritsa ntchito makungwa, mitu ya hemp, nsalu zakale, maukonde a nsomba ndi zinthu zina zopangira, ndipo anapanga mapepala kudzera mu njira monga kuphwanya, kukanda, kukazinga ndi kuphika. Ichi ndi chiyambi cha mapepala amakono. Zinthu zopangira mapepala amtunduwu ndizosavuta kupeza komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ubwino wake wakulanso ndipo pang'onopang'ono wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pofuna kukumbukira zomwe Cai Lun adachita, mibadwo yotsatira idatcha pepala lamtunduwu kuti "Cai Hou Paper".
Mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Tang, anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ngati zopangira popanga mapepala a nsungwi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu paukadaulo wopanga mapepala. Kupambana kwa kupanga mapepala a nsungwi kukuwonetsa kuti ukadaulo wakale wopanga mapepala aku China wafika pamlingo wokhwima.
Mu Ufumu wa Tang, ukadaulo wokonza zinthu monga kuwonjezera guluu, kuwonjezera guluu, kugwiritsa ntchito ufa, kuwaza golide, ndi utoto unatuluka umodzi pambuyo pa wina popanga mapepala, ndikuyika maziko aukadaulo opangira mapepala osiyanasiyana aluso. Ubwino wa mapepala opangidwa ukukwera kwambiri, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri. Kuyambira Ufumu wa Tang mpaka Ufumu wa Qing, kuwonjezera pa mapepala wamba, China idapanga mapepala osiyanasiyana a sera, golide wozizira, golide wopindika, ribbed, golide wamatope ndi siliva kuphatikiza utoto, mapepala olembedwa kalendala ndi mapepala ena amtengo wapatali, komanso mapepala osiyanasiyana a mpunga, mapepala ophimba mapepala, mapepala a maluwa, ndi zina zotero. Kupanga mapepala kukhala ofunikira pa moyo wa anthu ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kupanga ndi kupanga mapepala kudadutsanso njira yovuta.
Chiyambi cha Nsungwi
Mu buku lake lakuti "The Mountain", Liu Cixin anafotokoza za dziko lina m'chilengedwe chodzaza ndi madzi, nalitcha "dziko la thovu". Dzikoli ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi Dziko Lapansi. Ndi malo ozungulira okhala ndi utali wa makilomita 3,000, ozunguliridwa ndi miyala ikuluikulu m'magawo atatu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mu "dziko la thovu", mosasamala kanthu kuti mupita kuti kumapeto, mudzakumana ndi khoma la miyala yolimba, ndipo khoma la miyala ili limatambasuka mbali zonse, ngati thovu lobisika mu chinthu chachikulu cholimba.
"Dziko la thovu" longopeka ili lili ndi ubale woipa ndi chilengedwe chathu chodziwika bwino ndi Dziko Lapansi, kukhalapo kosiyana kwambiri.
Ndipo nsungwi yokha ilinso ndi tanthauzo la "dziko la mabulovu". Thupi la nsungwi lopindika limapanga dzenje, ndipo pamodzi ndi mfundo zopingasa za nsungwi, limapanga malo oyera amkati mwa mimba. Poyerekeza ndi mitengo ina yolimba, nsungwi ndi "dziko la mabulovu". Pepala lamakono la nsungwi ndi pepala lamakono lapakhomo lopangidwa ndi nsungwi yopanda kanthu ndipo limapangidwa ndi zida zapadziko lonse lapansi. Popeza gawo la zinthu zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku limayang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi, anthu akuchulukirachulukira chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ndi mbiri ya pepala la nsungwi. Akuti omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ayenera kudziwa komwe nsungwi idachokera.
Pobwerera ku chiyambi cha pepala la nsungwi, pali malingaliro awiri akuluakulu m'gulu la ophunzira: limodzi ndi lakuti pepala la nsungwi linayamba mu Ufumu wa Jin; lina ndi lakuti pepala la nsungwi linayamba mu Ufumu wa Tang. Kupanga mapepala a nsungwi kumafuna zofunikira kwambiri zaukadaulo ndipo n'kovuta. Mu Ufumu wa Tang, pamene ukadaulo wopanga mapepala unali wotukuka kwambiri, ndi pamene kupita patsogolo kumeneku kunatheka, ndikuyika maziko a chitukuko chachikulu cha pepala la nsungwi mu Ufumu wa Nyimbo.
Njira yopangira mapepala a nsungwi
1. Nsungwi zouma ndi mpweya: sankhani nsungwi yayitali komanso yowonda, dulani nthambi ndi masamba, dulani nsungwiyo m'zigawo, ndikuzinyamula kupita nazo kumunda wa zinthu. Tsukani zidutswa za nsungwiyo ndi madzi oyera, chotsani matope ndi zinyalala za mchenga, kenako zinyamulireni kumunda wokulungira kuti ziwunjike. Kuumitsa mpweya mwachilengedwe kwa miyezi itatu, chotsani madzi ochulukirapo kuti muziziikira.
2. Kuyezetsa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zisanu ndi chimodzi: Tsukani zinthu zouma ndi mpweya ndi madzi oyera kangapo mutazitsitsa kuti muchotse zinyalala zonse monga matope, fumbi, khungu la nsungwi, ndikuzidula m'zidutswa za nsungwi zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira, kenako mulowe m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu kuti muyimirire mukatha kuyezetsa zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi.
3. Kuphika pa kutentha kwambiri: chotsani lignin ndi zinthu zina zopanda ulusi, tumizani zidutswa za nsungwi kuchokera mu silo kupita ku pre-steamer kuti muphike, kenako lowetsani screw extruder yamphamvu kwambiri kuti mutulutse ndi kukanikiza mwamphamvu, kenako lowetsani pre-steamer yachiwiri kuti muphike, ndipo potsiriza lowetsani steamer yoyimirira ya mamita 20 kuti muphike m'malo mwa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kenako ikani mu pulp tower kuti isungidwe kutentha ndi kuphika.
4. Kupaka mapepala m'njira yogwira ntchito: Matawulo a mapepala amapakidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwira ntchito nthawi yonseyi. Njira yopangirayi ndi yopanda vuto kwa thupi la munthu, ndipo chinthu chomalizidwacho chilibe zotsalira za mankhwala oopsa, zomwe ndi zathanzi komanso zotetezeka. Gwiritsani ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe m'malo mwa mafuta achikhalidwe kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa ndi utsi. Chotsani njira yopaka utoto, sungani mtundu woyambirira wa ulusi wa zomera, chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, pewani kutulutsa madzi otayira opaka utoto, ndikuteteza chilengedwe.
Pomaliza, zamkati mwa mtundu wachilengedwe zimafinyidwa, kuumitsidwa, kenako nkudulidwa malinga ndi zofunikira pakulongedza, mayendedwe, malonda ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Makhalidwe a pepala la nsungwi
Pepala la nsungwi lili ndi ulusi wambiri wa nsungwi, womwe ndi ulusi wachilengedwe woletsa mabakiteriya, utoto wachilengedwe komanso ulusi wosawononga chilengedwe wochotsedwa ku nsungwi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera. Uli ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo, nsungwi ili ndi gawo la nsungwi la Kun, lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zoletsa mabakiteriya, ndipo chiwerengero cha imfa ya mabakiteriya chikhoza kufika pa 75% mkati mwa maola 24.
Pepala la nsungwi silimangosunga mpweya wabwino komanso kuyamwa madzi kwa ulusi wa nsungwi, komanso limakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zakuthupi.
Dera la nkhalango yakuya ya dziko langa ndi losowa, koma zinthu za nsungwi ndi zambiri. Zimatchedwa "nkhalango yachiwiri yakuya". Nsalu za nsungwi za Yashi Paper zimasankha nsungwi yachilengedwe ndikuzidula moyenera. Sikuti zimangowononga chilengedwe, komanso zimathandiza pakukonzanso, komanso zimapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda bwino!
Yashi Paper nthawi zonse yakhala ikutsatira mfundo yoteteza chilengedwe ndi thanzi, kupanga mapepala a nsungwi abwino komanso abwino kwa chilengedwe, kuthandizira ntchito zoteteza chilengedwe pothandiza anthu, kulimbikitsa kusintha matabwa ndi nsungwi, ndikusiya mapiri obiriwira ndi madzi oyera mtsogolo!
Ndikolimbikitsa kwambiri kusankha pepala la Yashi la nsungwi
Ulusi wachilengedwe wa nsungwi wa Yashi Paper umalandira nzeru ndi luso lomwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito popanga mapepala m'mbiri ya ku China, lomwe ndi losalala komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pakhungu.
Ubwino wa nsalu ya nsungwi ya Yashi Paper:
Ndapambana mayeso a fluorescent whitening agent, palibe zowonjezera zovulaza
Otetezeka komanso osakwiyitsa
Yofewa komanso yothandiza khungu
Kukhudza kosalala, kumachepetsa kukangana kwa khungu
Kulimba kwambiri, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito konyowa kapena kouma
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-28-2024
