Carbon Footprint ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimayesa momwe zochita za anthu zimakhudzira chilengedwe. Lingaliro la "carbon footprint" limachokera ku "ecological footprint", makamaka ngati CO2 yofanana (CO2eq), yomwe imayimira kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe umatulutsa panthawi yopanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito anthu.
Carbon footprint ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) kuyesa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe umapangidwa mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ndi chinthu chofufuza pa moyo wake. Kwa chinthu chomwecho, zovuta ndi kukula kwa carbon footprint accounting ndi zazikulu kuposa mpweya wa carbon, ndipo zotsatira zowerengera zimakhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza mpweya wa carbon.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi komanso zovuta zachilengedwe, kuwerengera kwa carbon footprint kwakhala kofunika kwambiri. Sizingangotithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino momwe ntchito za anthu zimakhudzira chilengedwe, komanso kupereka maziko asayansi opangira njira zochepetsera utsi ndikulimbikitsa kusintha kobiriwira ndi mpweya wochepa.
Kuzungulira kwamoyo wonse wa nsungwi, kuyambira kukula ndi chitukuko, kukolola, kukonza ndi kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mpaka kutaya, ndiye njira yonse yozungulira kaboni, kuphatikiza kuzama kwa nsungwi m'nkhalango, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zansungwi, komanso kaboni pakataya.
Lipoti la kafukufukuyu likuyesera kuwonetsa kufunika kwa kubzala nkhalango kwa nsungwi ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale kuti zigwirizane ndi nyengo kudzera pakuwunika kwa carbon footprint ndi chidziwitso cha zolemba za kaboni, komanso kulinganiza kafukufuku waposachedwa wa nsungwi.
1. Kuwerengera za Carbon footprint
① Lingaliro: Malinga ndi tanthauzo la United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wina wowonjezera kutentha umene umatulutsidwa panthawi ya zochitika za anthu kapena kutulutsidwa mochuluka panthawi yonse ya moyo wa chinthu/ntchito.
Carbon label "ndi chiwonetsero cha" product carbon footprint ", yomwe ndi chizindikiro cha digito chomwe chimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa chinthu kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira kupita ku zinyalala zobwezeretsanso, zomwe zimapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chokhudza kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni wa chinthucho mu mawonekedwe a chizindikiro.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) ndi njira yatsopano yowunika momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira yomwe yapangidwa kumayiko akumadzulo m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo ikadali pagawo la kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chopitilira. Muyezo wofunikira pakuwunika kuchuluka kwa carbon footprint ndi njira ya LCA, yomwe imatengedwa ngati chisankho chabwino kwambiri chopititsira patsogolo kukhulupilika komanso kusavuta kwa mawerengedwe a carbon footprint.
LCA imazindikira kaye kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu ndi zida, komanso kutulutsa zachilengedwe munthawi yonse ya moyo, kenako ndikuwunika momwe izi zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kutulutsa zachilengedwe, ndipo pamapeto pake zimazindikira ndikuwunika mipata yochepetsera izi. Muyezo wa ISO 14040, womwe unaperekedwa mu 2006, umagawa "masitepe owunikira moyo" m'magawo anayi: kudziwitsa cholinga ndi kukula kwake, kusanthula kwazinthu, kuwunika zomwe zimachitika, ndi kutanthauzira.
② Miyezo ndi Njira:
Pali njira zingapo zowerengera kuchuluka kwa carbon pakadali pano.
Ku China, njira zowerengera ndalama zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu kutengera makonda amalire a dongosolo ndi mfundo zachitsanzo: Njira yochokera ku Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA), Input Output Life Cycle Assessment (I-OLCA), ndi Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (HLCA). Pakadali pano, pali kusowa kwa miyezo yolumikizana yapadziko lonse lapansi yowerengera za carbon footprint ku China.
Padziko lonse lapansi, pali miyezo itatu yapadziko lonse lapansi pamlingo wazinthu: "PAS 2050:2011 Tsatanetsatane wa Kuwunika kwa Kutulutsa Gasi Wowonjezera Kutentha panthawi ya Product and Service Life Cycle" (BSI., 2011), "GHGP Protocol" (WRI, WBCSD, 2011), ndi "ISO 14067: 2018 Greenhouse Gases - Product Carbon Footprint - Quantitative Requirements and Guidelines" (ISO, 2018).
Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha lifecycle, PAS2050 ndi ISO14067 pano ndi miyezo yokhazikitsidwa yowunika kuchuluka kwa kaboni wazinthu zopezeka pagulu, zonse zomwe zikuphatikiza njira ziwiri zowunikira: Business to Customer (B2C) ndi Business to Business (B2B).
Zomwe zili mu B2C zowunikira zimaphatikizapo zida zopangira, kupanga ndi kukonza, kugawa ndi kugulitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito ogula, kutaya komaliza kapena kubwezeretsanso, ndiko kuti, "kuyambira kubadwa mpaka kumanda". Zowunikira za B2B zikuphatikiza zinthu zopangira, kupanga ndi kukonza, komanso zoyendera kupita kwa amalonda otsika, ndiye kuti, "kuchokera pachipata kupita kuchipata".
PAS2050 product footprint certification process ili ndi magawo atatu: gawo loyambira, gawo lowerengera la carbon footprint, ndi masitepe otsatira. Ndondomeko ya ISO 14067 yowerengera mpweya wa carbon footprint imaphatikizapo masitepe asanu: kufotokozera zomwe mukufuna, kudziwa malire a ndondomeko yowerengera ndalama, kufotokozera malire a nthawi yowerengera ndalama, kusanthula magwero omwe amachokera m'malire a dongosolo, ndi kuwerengetsa zomwe zili mu carbon footprint.
③ Tanthauzo
Powerengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya, titha kuzindikira magawo ndi madera omwe amatulutsa mpweya wambiri, ndikuchitanso chimodzimodzi kuti tichepetse kutulutsa mpweya. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon kungatitsogolerenso kupanga moyo wokhala ndi mpweya wochepa komanso momwe timagwiritsira ntchito.
Kulemba zilembo za kaboni ndi njira yofunikira yowululira mpweya wowonjezera kutentha m'malo opangira zinthu kapena moyo wonse wazinthu, komanso zenera la osunga ndalama, mabungwe owongolera boma, komanso anthu kuti amvetsetse kutulutsa kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa mabungwe opanga. Kulemba zilembo za kaboni, monga njira yofunikira yowululira zidziwitso za kaboni, kwavomerezedwa ndi mayiko ambiri.
Kulemba kwa kaboni wazinthu zaulimi ndiko kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kaboni pazaulimi. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yazinthu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zilembo za kaboni muzaulimi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Choyamba, ulimi ndi gwero lofunikira la mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso gwero lalikulu la mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide. Kachiwiri, kuyerekeza ndi gawo la mafakitale, kuwulula zidziwitso zolembera za kaboni muzaulimi sizinakwaniritsidwe, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Chachitatu, ogula amavutika kuti apeze chidziwitso chothandiza pazakudya zamtundu wa kaboni zomwe zimafika kumapeto kwa ogula. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wambiri wawonetsa kuti magulu ena ogula ali okonzeka kulipira zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa, ndipo zolemba za kaboni zimatha kubweza ndendende chidziwitso cha asymmetry pakati pa opanga ndi ogula, kuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo msika.
2, unyolo wamakampani a bamboo
① Mkhalidwe woyambira wamakampani ansungwi
Makina opanga nsungwi ku China amagawidwa kumtunda, pakati, ndi kumunsi kwa mtsinje. Kumtunda ndi zopangira ndi zowonjezera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsungwi, kuphatikiza masamba ansungwi, maluwa ansungwi, mphukira zansungwi, ulusi wa nsungwi, ndi zina zotero. Mtsinje wapakati umaphatikizapo mitundu yambirimbiri m'magawo angapo monga zida zomangira nsungwi, zinthu zansungwi, mphukira zansungwi ndi chakudya, kupanga mapepala a nsungwi, ndi zina zambiri; Ntchito zotsikirapo za zinthu zansungwi zikuphatikiza kupanga mapepala, kupanga mipando, zida zamankhwala, ndi zokopa alendo zamtundu wa bamboo, pakati pa ena.
Zida za bamboo ndiye maziko a chitukuko cha nsungwi. Malinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nsungwi, nsungwi zopangira matabwa, nsungwi zopangira nsungwi, nsungwi zopangira zamkati, ndi nsungwi zokongoletsa m'munda. Kuchokera ku chilengedwe cha nkhalango za nsungwi, gawo la nkhalango za nsungwi ndi 36%, kutsatiridwa ndi mphukira za nsungwi ndi nkhalango za nsungwi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pawiri, nkhalango zachilengedwe za nsungwi, ndi nkhalango ya nsungwi, yomwe imakhala 24%, 19%, ndi 14% motero. Mphukira zansungwi ndi nkhalango zowoneka bwino za nsungwi zimakhala ndi zocheperako. China ili ndi zida zambiri zansungwi, ndi mitundu 837 komanso kutulutsa matani 150 miliyoni ansungwi pachaka.
Bamboo ndiye mtundu wofunika kwambiri wa nsungwi ku China. Pakadali pano, nsungwi ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira nsungwi engineering, msika watsopano wansungwi, ndi zinthu zopangira nsungwi ku China. M'tsogolomu, nsungwi idzakhalabe chida chachikulu cholima nsungwi ku China. Pakalipano, mitundu khumi yazitsulo zazikuluzikulu zopangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ku China zimaphatikizapo matabwa opangira nsungwi, nsungwi zapansi, mphukira za nsungwi, zamkati za nsungwi ndi kupanga mapepala, zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi, mipando ya nsungwi, zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku ndi ntchito zamanja, makala ansungwi ndi viniga wa nsungwi. , zopangira nsungwi ndi zakumwa, zinthu zachuma pansi pa nkhalango zansungwi, ndi zokopa alendo za nsungwi ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo. Zina mwa izo, matabwa opangira nsungwi ndi zida zauinjiniya ndizo mizati yamakampani ansungwi aku China.
Momwe mungapangire tcheni chamakampani ansungwi pansi pacholinga chapawiri cha kaboni
Cholinga cha "carbon carbon" chikutanthauza kuti dziko la China limayesetsa kukwaniritsa carbon peak isanafike 2030 ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon pamaso pa 2060. Pakalipano, China yawonjezera zofunikira za mpweya wa carbon m'mafakitale ambiri ndikufufuza mwakhama mafakitale obiriwira, otsika kwambiri, komanso ogwira ntchito zachuma. Kuphatikiza pazabwino zake zachilengedwe, makampani ansungwi akuyeneranso kufufuza momwe angathere ngati sinki ya kaboni ndikulowa mumsika wamalonda wa carbon.
(1) Nkhalango yansungwi ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothira mpweya wa carbon:
Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika ku China, dera la nkhalango zansungwi lakula kwambiri pazaka 50 zapitazi. Kuchokera mahekitala 2.4539 miliyoni mzaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960 kufika mahekitala 4.8426 miliyoni kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21 (kupatulapo deta yaku Taiwan), kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 97.34%. Ndipo gawo la nkhalango zansungwi mdera la nkhalango ya dzikolo lakwera kuchoka pa 2.87% kufika pa 2.96%. Nkhalango za nsungwi zasanduka mbali yofunika kwambiri ya nkhalango za ku China. Malingana ndi 6th National Forest Resource Inventory, pakati pa mahekitala 4.8426 miliyoni a nsungwi ku China, pali mahekitala 3.372 miliyoni a nsungwi, ndi zomera pafupifupi 7.5 biliyoni, zomwe zimapanga pafupifupi 70% ya nkhalango ya nsungwi.
(2) Ubwino wa zamoyo za nsungwi za m’nkhalango:
① Bamboo imakhala ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, kakuphulika kolimba, ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe akukulanso komanso kukolola pachaka. Ili ndi mtengo wogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo ilibe vuto monga kukokoloka kwa nthaka ikadula mitengo yonse ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthaka mutabzala mosalekeza. Ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kochotsa kaboni. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti mpweya wokhazikika wapachaka pamitengo ya nsungwi ndi 5.097t/hm2 (kupatula kupanga zinyalala pachaka), womwe ndi 1.46 kuchuluka kwa fir yaku China yomwe ikukula mwachangu.
② Nkhalango za nsungwi zimakhala ndi kukula kosavuta, kakulidwe kosiyanasiyana, kagawidwe kagawidwe, komanso kusinthasintha kwa madera mosalekeza. Ali ndi malo ogawa kwambiri komanso osiyanasiyana, makamaka omwe amagawidwa m'zigawo 17 ndi mizinda, yomwe imakhala ku Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, ndi Zhejiang. Amatha kufanana ndi chitukuko chofulumira komanso chachikulu m'madera osiyanasiyana, kupanga mapangidwe ovuta komanso otseka a carbon spatiotemporal ndi carbon source sink dynamic networks.
(3) Zoyenera kuchita malonda a nsungwi nkhalango zolanda mpweya ndizokhwima:
① Ntchito yobwezeretsanso nsungwi ndi yokwanira
Makampani a nsungwi amadutsa m'mafakitale a pulayimale, achiwiri, ndi apamwamba, ndipo mtengo wake ukukwera kuchoka pa 82 biliyoni mu 2010 kufika pa 415.3 biliyoni mu 2022, ndikukula kwapakati pachaka kupitirira 30%. Zikuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2035, mtengo wamakampani ansungwi upitilira 1 thililiyoni yuan. Pakadali pano, njira yatsopano yopangira nsungwi yakhala ikuchitika m'chigawo cha Anji, m'chigawo cha Zhejiang, ku China, kuyang'ana kwambiri njira yophatikizira zophatikiza zaulimi za carbon sink kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndi chuma mpaka kuphatikizana.
② Thandizo logwirizana ndi ndondomeko
Pambuyo popereka malingaliro amtundu wapawiri wa carbon, China yapereka mfundo ndi malingaliro angapo kuti atsogolere makampani onse pakuwongolera kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni. Pa Novembara 11, 2021, madipatimenti khumi kuphatikiza State Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Development and Reform Commission, ndi Unduna wa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo adapereka "Maganizo a Madipatimenti Khumi pa Kupititsa patsogolo Chitukuko Chatsopano cha Makampani a Bamboo". Pa November 2, 2023, National Development and Reform Commission ndi madipatimenti ena pamodzi anatulutsa “ndondomeko ya zaka zitatu kuti ifulumire Kupititsa patsogolo Ntchito ya 'Kusintha Pulasitiki ndi Bamboo'”. Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro olimbikitsa chitukuko chamakampani ansungwi aperekedwa m'zigawo zina monga Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, ndi zina. Pansi pa kuphatikiza ndi mgwirizano wa malamba osiyanasiyana amakampani, mitundu yatsopano yamalonda ya zilembo za kaboni ndi mapazi a kaboni adayambitsidwa. .
3, Momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa kaboni kwaunyolo wamakampani ansungwi?
① Kafukufuku akupita patsogolo pazakudya za nsungwi
Pakalipano, pali kafukufuku wochepa wokhudzana ndi carbon footprint ya nsungwi zopangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja. Malinga ndi kafukufuku omwe alipo, kusamutsa kwa kaboni komaliza ndi kusungirako kwa nsungwi kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsidwira ntchito monga kufutukuka, kuphatikiza, ndi kuyanjananso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zosiyanasiyana pamtundu womaliza wa kaboni wazinthu zansungwi.
② Njira yozungulira kaboni yopangira nsungwi m'moyo wawo wonse
Nthawi yonse ya moyo wa nsungwi, kuyambira kukula ndi chitukuko cha nsungwi (photosynthesis), kulima ndi kasamalidwe, kukolola, kusungirako zinthu zopangira, kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, kuwononga kuwonongeka (kuwola), kwatha. Kuzungulira kwa nsungwi kwa nsungwi m'moyo wawo wonse kumaphatikizapo magawo asanu: kulima nsungwi (kubzala, kasamalidwe, ndi kagwiridwe ka ntchito), kupanga zinthu zopangira (kusonkhanitsa, kunyamula, ndi kusunga mphukira zansungwi kapena nsungwi), kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu (njira zosiyanasiyana pa nthawi ya nsungwi). kukonza), kugulitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kutaya (kuwola), kuphatikizira kukonza kaboni, kudzikundikira, kusungirako, kuthamangitsa, komanso kutulutsa mpweya mwachindunji kapena kosalunjika pagawo lililonse (onani Chithunzi 3).
Njira yolima nkhalango za nsungwi imatha kuonedwa ngati njira yolumikizirana ndi "kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako kaboni", yomwe imaphatikizapo kutulutsa mpweya mwachindunji kapena kosalunjika kuchokera ku kubzala, kasamalidwe, ndi ntchito.
Kupanga zinthu zopangira ndi njira yolumikizira kaboni yolumikiza mabizinesi akunkhalango ndi mabizinesi opangira nsungwi, komanso kumaphatikizanso kutulutsa mpweya mwachindunji kapena kosalunjika pa nthawi yokolola, kukonza koyambirira, kunyamula, ndikusungira mphukira zansungwi kapena nsungwi.
Kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi njira yochotsera kaboni, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukonza kwanthawi yayitali kwa kaboni muzinthu, komanso kutulutsa mpweya mwachindunji kapena kosalunjika kuchokera kumachitidwe osiyanasiyana monga kukonza ma unit, kukonza zinthu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu.
Mankhwalawa akalowa pagawo logwiritsa ntchito ogula, kaboni imakhazikika muzinthu zansungwi monga mipando, nyumba, zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku, zinthu zamapepala, ndi zina zambiri. kuwola ndi kutulutsa CO2, ndikubwerera mumlengalenga.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Zhou Pengfei et al. (2014), matabwa odulira nsungwi pansi pa nsungwi yovumbulutsidwa adatengedwa ngati chinthu chofufuzira, ndipo "Assessment Specification for Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Goods and Services in the Life Cycle" (PAS 2050:2008) idatengedwa ngati muyezo wowunika. . Sankhani njira yowunikira ya B2B kuti muwunikire bwino momwe mpweya wa carbon dioxide umatulutsa komanso kusungirako mpweya wa kaboni m'njira zonse zopangira, kuphatikiza mayendetsedwe azinthu zopangira, kukonza zinthu, kuyika, ndi kusungirako zinthu (onani Chithunzi 4). PAS2050 imati kuyeza kwa mpweya kuyenera kuyambira pakunyamula zinthu zopangira, ndipo gawo loyambirira la kutulutsa mpweya ndi kusamutsa kaboni kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira, kupanga mpaka kugawa (B2B) kwa matabwa odulira nsungwi zam'manja kuyenera kuyezedwa molondola kuti mudziwe kukula kwake. mpweya wa carbon.
Ndondomeko yoyezera kuchuluka kwa kaboni wazinthu zansungwi m'moyo wawo wonse
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyeza zidziwitso zoyambira pa gawo lililonse la moyo wa zinthu zansungwi ndiye maziko a kusanthula kwa moyo. Deta yofunikira imaphatikizapo kusungidwa kwa nthaka, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosiyanasiyana (malasha, mafuta, magetsi, ndi zina zotero), kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, ndi zotsatira zake ndi data yoyendera mphamvu. Chitani zinthu zoyezera zinthu za nsungwi pa moyo wawo wonse kudzera mu kusonkhanitsa deta ndi kuyeza.
(1) Polima nkhalango yansungwi
Kuyamwa ndi kuwunjika kwa kaboni: kumera, kukula ndi chitukuko, kuchuluka kwa mphukira zatsopano zansungwi;
Kusungirako mpweya: kapangidwe ka nkhalango yansungwi, digiri yoyimirira ya nsungwi, kapangidwe ka zaka, zotsalira za ziwalo zosiyanasiyana; Zotsalira za zinyalala wosanjikiza; Dothi organic carbon yosungirako;
Kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon: kusungirako mpweya, nthawi yowola, ndi kutulutsa zinyalala; Mpweya wa mpweya wa nthaka; Mpweya wa kaboni wopangidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakunja ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga ntchito, mphamvu, madzi ndi feteleza pobzala, kasamalidwe, ndi ntchito zamabizinesi.
(2) Yaiwisi kupanga siteji
Kusamutsa mpweya: kuchuluka kwa kukolola kapena kuchuluka kwa mphukira za nsungwi ndi zotsalira zake;
Kubwerera kwa kaboni: zotsalira kuchokera kumitengo kapena mphukira zansungwi, zotsalira zopangira zoyambira, ndi zotsalira zake;
Mpweya wa kaboni: Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopangidwa ndi mphamvu yakunja ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu, monga ntchito ndi mphamvu, panthawi yosonkhanitsa, kukonza koyambirira, kuyendetsa, kusunga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira zansungwi kapena nsungwi.
(3) Gawo lokonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito katundu
Kutenga mpweya wa carbon: biomass of nsungwi ndi zopangira;
Kubwerera kapena kusunga mpweya: zotsalira zotsalira ndi biomass;
Mpweya wa kaboni: Kutulutsa kwa kaboni komwe kumapangidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakunja monga ntchito, mphamvu, zogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu panthawi yokonza ma unit, kukonza zinthu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu.
(4) Gawo logulitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
Kutenga mpweya wa carbon: biomass of nsungwi ndi zopangira;
Mpweya wa Carbon: Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopangidwa ndi mphamvu yakunja monga mayendedwe ndi ntchito kuchokera kumabizinesi kupita kumsika wogulitsa.
(5) Gawo la kutaya
Kutulutsidwa kwa Mpweya: Kusungirako Kaboni kwa Zowonongeka; Nthawi yowonongeka ndi kuchuluka kwa kumasulidwa.
Mosiyana ndi mafakitale ena a nkhalango, nkhalango za nsungwi zimadzikonzanso pambuyo podula mitengo yasayansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito, popanda kufunika kokonzanso nkhalango. Kukula kwa nkhalango ya nsungwi kumakula bwino ndipo kumatha kuyamwa kaboni wosasunthika, kuunjika ndikusunga kaboni, ndikuwonjezera mosalekeza kutenga mpweya. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira nsungwi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga nsungwi sizazikulu, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa kaboni kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kutheka pogwiritsa ntchito nsungwi.
Pakalipano, palibe kafukufuku wokhudza kuyeza kwa carbon cycle kwa nsungwi m'moyo wawo wonse. Chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yotulutsa mpweya panthawi yogulitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kutaya zinthu zansungwi, mawonekedwe awo a kaboni ndi ovuta kuyeza. M'zochita, kuyesa kwa carbon footprint nthawi zambiri kumayang'ana magawo awiri: imodzi ndiyo kuyesa kusungirako mpweya ndi mpweya pakupanga kuchokera ku zipangizo kupita kuzinthu; Chachiwiri ndikuwunika zinthu za nsungwi kuyambira kubzala mpaka kupanga
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-17-2024
